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Chapter 9 . Using X 355 Using xf86config Another XFree86 configuration tool is xf86config. It is a text mode tool that uses a series of menus to gather input from the user. It is not as pretty as XF86Setup, but it does not require the 16-color VGA server to be installed. Tip Do not get confused between XF86Config and xf86config. XF86Config is the configuration file, and xf86config is the tool that can be used to create it. Figure 9-8 shows an example of xf86config. This tool is much more cumbersome to use than XF86Setup and requires more intimate knowledge of the hardware present in your system. We don t recommend that you use this tool unless you have problems with the others. The following steps walk you through the configuration process. 1. The first few screens configure your mouse. Choose the correct type of mouse you have or the closest option offered. 2. Choose whether to enable three-button emulation for two-button mice. 3. Enter the path to the mouse device. Most distributions link the file /dev/mouse to the actual interface device. So if you are unsure, try /dev/mouse. 4. The next couple of screens explain the keyboard maps and prompt you to choose the correct keymap. Choose the correct one for your system. Most users should choose option 1 or 2. 5. The next few screens configure the monitor. Choose the synchronization rates for your monitor. If there is no entry that matches your monitor, enter the rates listed in your monitor manual. 6. Next, you will be prompted for three text strings. These are the identifier, vendor, and model of your monitor. These are used to keep different monitor configurations separate in the X configuration file. There are no wrong answers, so type in the information requested in case you need to reference it later in the X configuration file. 7. Next, you will be prompted for your video card or chipset. A long list of available configurations is displayed. Scroll through the list and enter the number that closest matches the video card or video chipset in your system. 8. Choose the correct X server for your video card. The last option presented tells xf86configto install the X server specified in the video card configuration you chose. This is usually the best option to take. 9. Specify the amount of video memory installed in your system. 10. Again, you will be prompted for three strings making up the identifier, vendor, and model. Enter information that is appropriate for your configuration should you need to reference it later in the X configuration file.
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354 Part II . Getting Around in Linux Table 9-8 Color Depths Bit Depth Colors 16bpp 65,535 colors 24bpp 16.7 million colors 32bpp 16.7 million colors (faster on some video cards) 8bpp 256 colors Other The last tab is the Other tab, which has miscellaneous settings. This screen is shown in Figure 9-7. This screen lets you set several small options, such as how to kill the server, whether clients can change the video mode, and who can change keyboard and mouse settings. Figure 9-7: Other tab Exam Tip XF86Setup provides an easy-to-use graphical interface for configuring your X server.
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Chapter 9 . Using X 353 Figure 9-5: Monitor tab Modeselection The Modeselection tab allows you to set the resolutions and color depths to run while in X. This screen is shown in Figure 9-6. Choose the resolutions that you want to have available while in X, as well as the default color depth. Table 9-8 lists the color depths. Not all X servers support all color depths. Figure 9-6: Modeselection tab
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352 Part II . Getting Around in Linux Card The Card tab allows you to set the options for your video card. This screen is shown in Figure 9-4. Choose the correct video card for your system. If your card is not listed, try to find another listing for the video chipset it uses or pick another card that uses the same chipset. The Detailed Setup option lets you define manual entries to the X configuration file and specify the amount of video RAM on your card. Figure 9-4: Card tab Monitor The Monitor tab allows you to set the resolution options for your monitor. This screen is shown in Figure 9-5. Choose the resolution and refresh rates that match your monitor. If none of the options match, you can enter the horizontal and vertical sync rates for your monitor. These settings should be available in your monitor manual.
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Chapter 9 . Using X 351 Figure 9-2: Mouse tab Keyboard The Keyboard tab allows you to set the options for your keyboard. This screen is shown in Figure 9-3. Choose the correct keyboard type, and the Shift and Control key functions. Figure 9-3: Keyboard tab
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350 Part II . Getting Around in Linux . Monitor . Modeselection . Other To start the configuration, just type XF86Setup. Once you have gone through all of the tabs click Done, and XF86Setup will test the X server with your settings. The following sections describe each of the tabs. Figure 9-1: XF86Setup tool Mouse The Mouse tab allows you to set the options for your pointing device. This screen is shown in Figure 9-2. When you first go to this tab, you are presented with a screen that shows the keyboard shortcuts to move around. This way you can navigate around to set up your mouse before the mouse begins to work. Choose the correct mouse type, device, and number of buttons. If you have a two-button mouse be sure to enable three-button emulation.
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Chapter 9 . Using X 349 Entry Function SuspendTime Specifies the timeout for the monitor to enter Suspend power-saving mode, in minutes. The default is 30. OffTime Specifies the timeout for the monitor to power off, in minutes. The default is 40. SubSection Display Begins a block that configures display specific information. Table 9-7 shows the entries available in this subsection. Table 9-7 Display Subsection Entries Entry Function Weight An optional entry that specifies the RGB weight to use when in 16 bpp (bits per pixel) mode. Virtual Defines the virtual desktop dimensions. This is used to give the user a larger desktop than his or her monitor can handle. ViewPort Sets the starting location of the upper left corner when a virtual desktop is used. If this entry is omitted, the display is centered in the virtual desktop. Modes Mode Name … Specifies a list of mode entries to use for this display. Option Option String Allows you to send special settings to the driver or X server. Depth Specifies the default color depth that the X server will run. Using XF86Setup XF86Setup is a graphical configuration tool. It uses the 16-color VGA X server, which should work on almost all video cards. Figure 9-1 shows the main configuration screen. XF86Setup uses a tabbed type interface, with these screens: . Mouse . Keyboard . Card
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348 Part II . Getting Around in Linux Screen The XF86Config file lets you specify multiple video cards and monitors. The Screen section is used to match up the different video cards to the monitor definitions. Table 9-6 shows the possible entries for this section. The following is an example: Section Screen Driver accel Device My Video Card Monitor Gateway EV700 Subsection Display Depth 32 Modes 1152×864 ViewPort 0 0 EndSubsection EndSection In the If you receive an error when starting X saying that no screens are useable, make Real World sure the specified monitor is capable of using the requested resolution with the defined video card. Table 9-6 Screen Section Entries Entry Function Driver Driver Name Each Screen section begins with this entry. It tells the system which X server, or which driver in an X server, to load for this screen. Device Device ID Specifies which video card identifier string to use for this screen. This is how the video card is matched up to the monitor. Monitor Monitor ID Specifies which monitor identifier string to use for this screen. This is how the monitor is matched up to the video card. DefaultColorDepth Specifies the color depth to use for this screen, in bpp (bits per pixel). ScreenNo Used in a multimonitor configuration to override the default screen numbering. BlankTime Specifies the amount of idle time to wait before blanking the screen, in minutes. The default is 10. StandByTime Specifies the timeout for the monitor to enter Stand By power-saving mode, in minutes. The default is 20.
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